Sandbox: seccomp user-notify fallback for Termux and kernels without Landlock

- Child installs a seccomp filter with a listener; a supervisor thread
  resolves the path of write-type syscalls (cwd, dirfd, .., symlinks,
  /proc/self, /dev/stdout, both ends of rename/link) and answers
  CONTINUE or EACCES; IPv4/IPv6 sockets are refused
- Probe order Landlock -> seccomp -> none, checked in a throwaway child;
  CST_SANDBOX=landlock|seccomp|off
- curl connect failures count as sandbox refusals
- test_sandbox runs the detected sandbox and forced seccomp, with escape,
  symlink, rename, link, chmod, stdout, ENOENT, background and network cases
- Docs: platform matrix, limits (not a security boundary, Yama and
  background jobs)

README.md

@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ cmake -B build-win-tui -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=cmake/mingw-w64-x86_64.cmake \
 | `CST_SHELL_TIMEOUT` | `run_shell` 超时秒数（120），超时整组进程被杀，exit=124 |
 | `CST_METRICS=0` / `CST_METRICS_PATH` | 关闭 / 指定计时埋点 JSONL（默认 `.agent/metrics/<session>.jsonl`） |
 | `CST_RECORD_SSE=DIR` / `CST_REPLAY_SSE=DIR` | 录制 / 回放原始 SSE 流（`NNNN.sse` + `NNNN.req.json`） |
-| `CST_APPROVAL=ask\|auto\|yolo` / `CST_SANDBOX=off` | 审批模式 / 关闭沙箱（回落到只读白名单规则） |
+| `CST_APPROVAL=ask\|auto\|yolo` / `CST_SANDBOX=off\|landlock\|seccomp` | 审批模式 / 关闭沙箱（回落到只读白名单规则）或只用指定沙箱 |
 | `CST_MODELS`、`CST_AUTO_APPROVE=1`、`CST_SHELL`、`CST_EXE_DIR` | 模型列表、自动批准（= yolo）、shell、旁路 busybox |
 
 ## Run
@@ -269,9 +269,14 @@ TUI 中 `/tools off NAME`、`/tools on NAME` 可临时开关单个工具。
 - **沙箱**（C 实现，`src/sandbox_exec.c`）：
   - Linux：Landlock（内核 5.13+，直接 syscall，无需 libseccomp）。子进程只能写工作区、临时目录、`/dev/null`、`/dev/tty`；
     读和执行不受限。Landlock ABI ≥ 4（内核 6.7+）时同时禁止 TCP 连接和监听。
+  - Linux 没有 Landlock 时（Android / Termux、WSL、老发行版；内核 5.5+，x86_64 / aarch64）：seccomp user-notify
+    （界面显示 `auto · seccomp`）。子进程的写类系统调用（带写标志的 open、创建 / 删除 / 改名 / 链接 / chmod 等）先交给
+    agent 里的监督线程，按真实路径判断是否在工作区、临时目录或 `/dev/null` 等之内，不在就返回 `EACCES`；IPv4/IPv6 socket 一律拒绝。
+    读、执行和已打开文件的写入不检查。它防的是误操作而不是恶意程序：检查之后内核会再读一次路径，多线程程序可以趁机换掉。
+    比 shell 活得久的后台进程：桌面发行版开着 Yama（`ptrace_scope` ≥ 1）时它们的受检写入会被拒；命令结束后一律失败。
   - macOS：`sandbox_init` profile，同样只放行工作区和临时目录写入，禁网。
-  - Android / Termux、Windows、老内核：没有沙箱，自动回落到规则判断（界面显示 `auto · rules`）。
+  - Windows、更老的内核：没有沙箱，自动回落到规则判断（界面显示 `auto · rules`）。
-  - `CST_SANDBOX=off` 强制关闭沙箱。
+  - `CST_SANDBOX=off` 强制关闭沙箱；`CST_SANDBOX=landlock` / `seccomp` 只用指定的那种。
   - 沙箱里的命令如果像是被拦了（`Permission denied` / `权限不够` / `Read-only file system` 等），会弹窗问
     “Rerun outside the sandbox?”：`y` 在沙箱外重跑一次 · `p` 保存命令前缀规则并重跑 · `n` 保留沙箱结果（模型会收到说明）。
 - **只读白名单**（无沙箱时 `auto` 用）：`ls cat head tail wc grep rg find pwd echo which file stat du tree`

docs/compat.md

@@ -46,17 +46,35 @@ write beneath the workspace, the temp directory, `/dev/null` and `/dev/tty`.
 | Platform | Sandbox | Notes |
 |---|---|---|
 | Linux 5.13+ | Landlock (raw syscalls, no extra library) | ABI ≥ 4 (6.7+) also blocks TCP connect/bind |
+| Linux 5.5+ without Landlock (Android / Termux, WSL, older distros), x86_64 / aarch64 | seccomp user-notify | refuses IPv4/IPv6 sockets; see below |
 | macOS | `sandbox_init` profile | also denies network |
-| Android / Termux | none | falls back to the read-only rules |
-| WSL 2 | Landlock when the WSL kernel enables it | otherwise rules |
 | Older kernels, Windows | none | falls back to the read-only rules |
 
-The status bar and sidebar show `auto · landlock`, `auto · seatbelt` or
+The status bar and sidebar show `auto · landlock`, `auto · seccomp`,
-`auto · rules`. `CST_SANDBOX=off` disables the sandbox. When a sandboxed
+`auto · seatbelt` or `auto · rules`. `CST_SANDBOX=off` disables the
-command looks blocked, the TUI asks whether to rerun it outside the sandbox.
+sandbox; `CST_SANDBOX=landlock` or `CST_SANDBOX=seccomp` allows only that
-The ruleset is built in the parent; the forked child only calls `prctl` and
+kind. When a sandboxed command looks blocked, the TUI asks whether to rerun
-`landlock_restrict_self` (async-signal-safe), so the agent itself is never
+it outside the sandbox. The policy is built in the parent; the forked child
-confined.
+only makes a few async-signal-safe syscalls before `exec`, so the agent
+itself is never confined.
+
+**seccomp.** Used when Landlock is missing, e.g. Android GKI kernels. The
+child installs a seccomp filter with a user-notify listener and passes the
+listener to a supervisor thread in the agent. Opens with write flags and
+every create / remove / rename / link / chmod / chown / utimes / xattr call
+stop until the supervisor has read the path from the child's memory,
+resolved it (cwd, dirfd, `..`, symlinks, `/proc/self`, `/dev/stdout`) and
+answered: continue when it lands in the allowed places, `EACCES` otherwise.
+Reads, exec and writes to already-open files are not checked. Background
+jobs that outlive their shell are no longer the agent's descendants: with
+Yama `ptrace_scope` ≥ 1 (common on desktop distros, absent on Android) the
+supervisor cannot read their memory and their checked writes fail with
+`EACCES`; once the run has finished they get `ENOSYS`. This keeps
+mistakes out of the rest of the disk but is not a security boundary: the
+kernel reads the path again after the check, so a hostile multi-threaded
+program can swap it in between. The availability check runs in a
+throwaway child, so a platform seccomp policy that kills the caller cannot
+take the agent down.
 
 ## Terminal notes
 
@@ -106,7 +124,7 @@ TUI:
 - [ ] Tab toggles Build/Plan, Shift+Tab cycles ask/auto/yolo, Ctrl+P opens the palette
 - [ ] `/model` lists the provider's `/models` (marked `(api)`); a wrong key is re-asked
 - [ ] `auto` mode: `echo x > ~/outside` in run_shell asks "Rerun outside the
-      sandbox?" (Linux 5.13+/macOS); with `CST_SANDBOX=off`, `ls` runs and `touch x` asks
+      sandbox?" (Linux/Termux/macOS); with `CST_SANDBOX=off`, `ls` runs and `touch x` asks
 - [ ] Resize the terminal during streaming: layout recovers
 - [ ] `NO_COLOR=1` and `CST_ASCII=1` render readable screens
 

docs/env_openai.md

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ export OPENAI_MODEL='your-model'
 | `CST_MODELS` | `/model` 可选列表，`:` 或 `,` 分隔 |
 | `CST_AUTO_APPROVE=1` | 自动允许 shell/写文件（= `--approval yolo`；headless 默认开启） |
 | `CST_APPROVAL` | 审批模式 `ask` / `auto`（默认）/ `yolo` |
-| `CST_SANDBOX=off` | 关闭 run_shell 沙箱（Landlock / macOS sandbox），`auto` 回落到只读白名单 |
+| `CST_SANDBOX=off` | 关闭 run_shell 沙箱（Landlock / seccomp / macOS sandbox），`auto` 回落到只读白名单；`landlock` / `seccomp` 只允许该种 |
 | `CST_SHELL` | shell 解释器路径（覆盖 busybox/`sh`） |
 | `CST_EXE_DIR` | 可执行文件目录（Termux 旁路 busybox 时有用） |
 

include/cst_sandbox.h

@@ -6,6 +6,11 @@
  * are limited to the workspace, the temp dir, /dev/null and /dev/tty, and
  * the network is cut where the OS can do it.
  *   Linux   Landlock (network needs ABI 4, kernel 6.7+)
+ *   Linux   seccomp user-notify when Landlock is missing (Android/Termux,
+ *           older kernels): a supervisor thread checks the path of every
+ *           write-type syscall and IPv4/IPv6 sockets are refused. Guards
+ *           against mistakes, not hostile code (the path is checked before
+ *           the kernel reads it again).
  *   macOS   sandbox_init (Seatbelt profile)
  *   other   none: callers fall back to rule-based approval
  */
@@ -21,12 +26,17 @@ extern "C" {
 typedef enum {
   CST_SANDBOX_NONE = 0,
   CST_SANDBOX_LANDLOCK,
-  CST_SANDBOX_SEATBELT
+  CST_SANDBOX_SEATBELT,
+  CST_SANDBOX_SECCOMP
 } cst_sandbox_kind_t;
 
-/* What this process can use; cached. CST_SANDBOX=0 forces NONE. */
+/* What this process can use; cached. CST_SANDBOX=off|0|none forces NONE,
+ * CST_SANDBOX=landlock|seccomp allows only that kind. */
 int cst_sandbox_probe(void);
-const char *cst_sandbox_name(int kind); /* "landlock" | "seatbelt" | "none" */
+/* Drops the cache and probes again (tests that change CST_SANDBOX). */
+int cst_sandbox_reprobe(void);
+/* "landlock" | "seatbelt" | "seccomp" | "none" */
+const char *cst_sandbox_name(int kind);
 /* Landlock ABI version (0 when unavailable); ≥4 also blocks TCP. */
 int cst_sandbox_landlock_abi(void);
 
@@ -34,13 +44,14 @@ typedef struct {
   int kind;
   int ruleset_fd; /* Landlock, built in the parent */
   char *profile;  /* Seatbelt */
+  void *sc;       /* seccomp: filter program and supervisor thread */
 } cst_sandbox_plan_t;
 
 /* Parent side: build the policy. Returns 0, or -1 (plan->kind = NONE). */
 int cst_sandbox_prepare(const char *workspace, const char *tmpdir,
                         cst_sandbox_plan_t *plan);
 /* Child side, after fork and before exec (os_run_capture_ex hook):
- * async-signal-safe for Landlock. Returns 0 when confined. */
+ * async-signal-safe. Returns 0 when confined. */
 int cst_sandbox_enter(void *plan);
 void cst_sandbox_release(cst_sandbox_plan_t *plan);
 

src/sandbox_exec.c

@@ -21,6 +21,30 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 #endif
 
+#if defined(__linux__) && (defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__aarch64__))
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <linux/audit.h>
+#include <linux/filter.h>
+#include <linux/seccomp.h>
+#include <poll.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+#include <sys/uio.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#if defined(SECCOMP_RET_USER_NOTIF) && defined(SECCOMP_IOCTL_NOTIF_RECV) &&   \
+    defined(SECCOMP_FILTER_FLAG_NEW_LISTENER)
+#define CST_HAVE_SECCOMP 1
+#endif
+#endif
+
 static int g_kind = -1;
 static int g_abi;
 
@@ -174,26 +198,712 @@ static int sb_prepare(const char *ws, const char *tmp, cst_sandbox_plan_t *p) {
 
 #endif /* CST_HAVE_SEATBELT */
 
+/* --- Linux: seccomp user-notify ------------------------------------------- */
+#ifdef CST_HAVE_SECCOMP
+
+#ifndef __NR_seccomp
+#if defined(__x86_64__)
+#define __NR_seccomp 317
+#else
+#define __NR_seccomp 277
+#endif
+#endif
+#ifndef __NR_openat2
+#define __NR_openat2 437
+#endif
+#ifndef __NR_fchmodat2
+#define __NR_fchmodat2 452
+#endif
+#ifndef __NR_io_uring_setup
+#define __NR_io_uring_setup 425
+#endif
+#ifndef SECCOMP_SET_MODE_FILTER
+#define SECCOMP_SET_MODE_FILTER 1
+#endif
+#ifndef SECCOMP_USER_NOTIF_FLAG_CONTINUE
+#define SECCOMP_USER_NOTIF_FLAG_CONTINUE (1UL << 0)
+#endif
+#ifndef PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS
+#define PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS 38
+#endif
+#ifndef AT_EMPTY_PATH
+#define AT_EMPTY_PATH 0x1000
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__x86_64__)
+#define SC_ARCH AUDIT_ARCH_X86_64
+#else
+#define SC_ARCH AUDIT_ARCH_AARCH64
+#endif
+
+#define SC_WRITE_FLAGS (O_WRONLY | O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC)
+#define SC_PROG_MAX 160
+
+typedef struct {
+  struct sock_filter f[SC_PROG_MAX];
+  unsigned short n;
+} sc_prog_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  sc_prog_t prog;
+  int sock[2]; /* the child sends its listener fd on [1] */
+  int stop[2]; /* release wakes the supervisor through [1] */
+  pthread_t th;
+  int started;
+  char ws[OS_PATH_MAX];
+  char tmp[OS_PATH_MAX];
+} sc_state_t;
+
+static void sc_emit(sc_prog_t *p, uint16_t code, uint8_t jt, uint8_t jf,
+                    uint32_t k) {
+  if (p->n < SC_PROG_MAX) {
+    struct sock_filter ins = {code, jt, jf, k};
+    p->f[p->n++] = ins;
+  }
+}
+
+#define SC_LD(off) sc_emit(p, BPF_LD | BPF_W | BPF_ABS, 0, 0, (uint32_t)(off))
+#define SC_RET(k) sc_emit(p, BPF_RET | BPF_K, 0, 0, (uint32_t)(k))
+#define SC_JEQ(k, jt, jf)                                                      \
+  sc_emit(p, BPF_JMP | BPF_JEQ | BPF_K, jt, jf, (uint32_t)(k))
+#define SC_JSET(k, jt, jf)                                                     \
+  sc_emit(p, BPF_JMP | BPF_JSET | BPF_K, jt, jf, (uint32_t)(k))
+#define SC_ARG(i) (offsetof(struct seccomp_data, args) + (i) * sizeof(uint64_t))
+
+/* Syscalls whose path arguments the supervisor always checks. */
+static const int SC_NOTIFY[] = {
+    __NR_openat2,   __NR_mkdirat,   __NR_mknodat,     __NR_unlinkat,
+    __NR_symlinkat, __NR_linkat,    __NR_renameat2,   __NR_truncate,
+    __NR_fchmodat,  __NR_fchmodat2, __NR_fchownat,    __NR_utimensat,
+    __NR_setxattr,  __NR_lsetxattr, __NR_removexattr, __NR_lremovexattr,
+#ifdef __NR_renameat
+    __NR_renameat,
+#endif
+#if defined(__x86_64__)
+    __NR_creat,     __NR_mkdir,     __NR_mknod,       __NR_rmdir,
+    __NR_unlink,    __NR_rename,    __NR_link,        __NR_symlink,
+    __NR_chmod,     __NR_chown,     __NR_lchown,      __NR_utime,
+    __NR_utimes,    __NR_futimesat,
+#endif
+};
+
+/* Foreign ABIs are refused, IPv4/IPv6 sockets fail with EACCES, opens
+ * without write flags pass untouched, write-type calls go to the
+ * supervisor. */
+static void sc_build(sc_prog_t *p) {
+  p->n = 0;
+  SC_LD(offsetof(struct seccomp_data, arch));
+  SC_JEQ(SC_ARCH, 1, 0);
+  SC_RET(SECCOMP_RET_ERRNO | EPERM);
+  SC_LD(offsetof(struct seccomp_data, nr));
+#if defined(__x86_64__)
+  sc_emit(p, BPF_JMP | BPF_JGE | BPF_K, 0, 1, 0x40000000U); /* x32 */
+  SC_RET(SECCOMP_RET_ERRNO | EPERM);
+#endif
+  SC_JEQ(__NR_socket, 0, 5);
+  SC_LD(SC_ARG(0));
+  SC_JEQ(AF_INET, 2, 0);
+  SC_JEQ(AF_INET6, 1, 0);
+  SC_RET(SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW);
+  SC_RET(SECCOMP_RET_ERRNO | EACCES);
+  SC_JEQ(__NR_io_uring_setup, 0, 1);
+  SC_RET(SECCOMP_RET_ERRNO | EPERM);
+  SC_JEQ(__NR_openat, 0, 4);
+  SC_LD(SC_ARG(2));
+  SC_JSET(SC_WRITE_FLAGS, 1, 0);
+  SC_RET(SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW);
+  SC_RET(SECCOMP_RET_USER_NOTIF);
+#if defined(__x86_64__)
+  SC_JEQ(__NR_open, 0, 4);
+  SC_LD(SC_ARG(1));
+  SC_JSET(SC_WRITE_FLAGS, 1, 0);
+  SC_RET(SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW);
+  SC_RET(SECCOMP_RET_USER_NOTIF);
+#endif
+  size_t n = sizeof(SC_NOTIFY) / sizeof(SC_NOTIFY[0]);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    SC_JEQ(SC_NOTIFY[i], (uint8_t)(n - i), 0);
+  SC_RET(SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW);
+  SC_RET(SECCOMP_RET_USER_NOTIF);
+}
+
+static int sc_send_fd(int s, int fd) {
+  char c = 0;
+  union {
+    char buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
+    struct cmsghdr align;
+  } u;
+  struct iovec io = {&c, 1};
+  struct msghdr m;
+  memset(&m, 0, sizeof(m));
+  memset(&u, 0, sizeof(u));
+  m.msg_iov = &io;
+  m.msg_iovlen = 1;
+  m.msg_control = u.buf;
+  m.msg_controllen = sizeof(u.buf);
+  struct cmsghdr *h = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&m);
+  h->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
+  h->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
+  h->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
+  memcpy(CMSG_DATA(h), &fd, sizeof(int));
+  return sendmsg(s, &m, MSG_NOSIGNAL) == 1 ? 0 : -1;
+}
+
+static int sc_recv_fd(int s) {
+  char c;
+  union {
+    char buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
+    struct cmsghdr align;
+  } u;
+  struct iovec io = {&c, 1};
+  struct msghdr m;
+  memset(&m, 0, sizeof(m));
+  m.msg_iov = &io;
+  m.msg_iovlen = 1;
+  m.msg_control = u.buf;
+  m.msg_controllen = sizeof(u.buf);
+  if (recvmsg(s, &m, MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC) != 1)
+    return -1;
+  struct cmsghdr *h = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&m);
+  if (!h || h->cmsg_level != SOL_SOCKET || h->cmsg_type != SCM_RIGHTS)
+    return -1;
+  int fd;
+  memcpy(&fd, CMSG_DATA(h), sizeof(int));
+  return fd;
+}
+
+/* Reads child memory one page at a time (a range may end at a hole). */
+static ssize_t sc_peek(int pid, uint64_t addr, void *out, size_t n) {
+  struct iovec l = {out, n}, r = {(void *)(uintptr_t)addr, n};
+  ssize_t k = process_vm_readv(pid, &l, 1, &r, 1, 0);
+  if (k > 0)
+    return k;
+  char mp[64];
+  snprintf(mp, sizeof(mp), "/proc/%d/mem", pid);
+  int fd = open(mp, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
+  if (fd < 0)
+    return -1;
+  k = pread(fd, out, n, (off_t)addr);
+  close(fd);
+  return k;
+}
+
+static int sc_read_mem(int pid, uint64_t addr, void *out, size_t n) {
+  size_t got = 0;
+  while (got < n) {
+    uint64_t a = addr + got;
+    size_t chunk = 4096 - (size_t)(a & 4095);
+    if (chunk > n - got)
+      chunk = n - got;
+    ssize_t k = sc_peek(pid, a, (char *)out + got, chunk);
+    if (k <= 0)
+      return -1;
+    got += (size_t)k;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int sc_read_str(int pid, uint64_t addr, char *out, size_t n) {
+  size_t got = 0;
+  while (got + 1 < n) {
+    uint64_t a = addr + got;
+    size_t chunk = 4096 - (size_t)(a & 4095);
+    if (chunk > n - 1 - got)
+      chunk = n - 1 - got;
+    ssize_t k = sc_peek(pid, a, out + got, chunk);
+    if (k <= 0)
+      return -1;
+    if (memchr(out + got, 0, (size_t)k))
+      return 0;
+    got += (size_t)k;
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+static int sc_readlink(const char *link, char *out, size_t n) {
+  ssize_t k = readlink(link, out, n - 1);
+  if (k < 0)
+    return -1;
+  out[k] = 0;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* strict: the root itself does not count (it may not be removed). */
+static int sc_under(const char *root, const char *p, int strict) {
+  size_t n = strlen(root);
+  if (n == 0)
+    return 0;
+  if (n == 1 && root[0] == '/')
+    return p[0] == '/' && (!strict || p[1]);
+  if (strncmp(p, root, n) != 0)
+    return 0;
+  if (p[n] == 0)
+    return !strict;
+  return p[n] == '/';
+}
+
+static int sc_inside(const sc_state_t *s, const char *p, int strict) {
+  static const char *const DEV[] = {"/dev/null",   "/dev/zero", "/dev/full",
+                                    "/dev/tty",    "/dev/ptmx", "/dev/random",
+                                    "/dev/urandom"};
+  if (sc_under(s->ws, p, strict) || sc_under(s->tmp, p, strict))
+    return 1;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(DEV) / sizeof(DEV[0]); i++)
+    if (strcmp(p, DEV[i]) == 0)
+      return 1;
+  return strncmp(p, "/dev/pts/", 9) == 0;
+}
+
+/* The file behind fd (or the cwd for AT_FDCWD). Pipes, sockets and other
+ * anonymous files are fine; unreadable links are refused. */
+static int sc_fd_ok(const sc_state_t *s, int pid, int fd, int strict) {
+  char link[64], tgt[OS_PATH_MAX];
+  if (fd == AT_FDCWD)
+    snprintf(link, sizeof(link), "/proc/%d/cwd", pid);
+  else
+    snprintf(link, sizeof(link), "/proc/%d/fd/%d", pid, fd);
+  if (sc_readlink(link, tgt, sizeof(tgt)) != 0)
+    return 0;
+  return tgt[0] != '/' || sc_inside(s, tgt, strict);
+}
+
+static int sc_digits(const char **q) {
+  const char *p = *q;
+  while (**q >= '0' && **q <= '9')
+    (*q)++;
+  return *q > p;
+}
+
+/* /proc/N/fd/M or /proc/N/task/T/fd/M */
+static int sc_is_fd_link(const char *p) {
+  if (strncmp(p, "/proc/", 6) != 0)
+    return 0;
+  p += 6;
+  if (!sc_digits(&p))
+    return 0;
+  if (strncmp(p, "/task/", 6) == 0) {
+    p += 6;
+    if (!sc_digits(&p))
+      return 0;
+  }
+  if (strncmp(p, "/fd/", 4) != 0)
+    return 0;
+  p += 4;
+  return sc_digits(&p) && *p == 0;
+}
+
+/* /proc/self, /dev/fd and /dev/std* name the supervisor when it resolves
+ * them, so they are rewritten to the task first. */
+static void sc_rewrite(int pid, const char *in, char *out, size_t n) {
+  static const char *const STD[] = {"/dev/stdin", "/dev/stdout",
+                                    "/dev/stderr"};
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+    if (strcmp(in, STD[i]) == 0) {
+      snprintf(out, n, "/proc/%d/fd/%d", pid, i);
+      return;
+    }
+  if (strncmp(in, "/dev/fd/", 8) == 0) {
+    snprintf(out, n, "/proc/%d/fd/%s", pid, in + 8);
+    return;
+  }
+  static const char *const SELF[] = {"/proc/self", "/proc/thread-self"};
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+    size_t k = strlen(SELF[i]);
+    if (strncmp(in, SELF[i], k) == 0 && (in[k] == 0 || in[k] == '/')) {
+      snprintf(out, n, "/proc/%d%s", pid, in + k);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  snprintf(out, n, "%s", in);
+}
+
+/* full: absolute path as the task sees it. follow: the call follows a
+ * symlink in the last component. */
+static int sc_abs_ok(const sc_state_t *s, const char *full, int follow,
+                     int strict) {
+  char path[OS_PATH_MAX], real[OS_PATH_MAX], loc[2 * OS_PATH_MAX + 2];
+  if (strlen(full) >= sizeof(path))
+    return 0;
+  snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s", full);
+  size_t n = strlen(path);
+  while (n > 1 && path[n - 1] == '/')
+    path[--n] = 0;
+  char *slash = strrchr(path, '/');
+  if (!slash)
+    return 0;
+  const char *base = slash + 1;
+  if (!*base || strcmp(base, ".") == 0 || strcmp(base, "..") == 0) {
+    if (!realpath(path, real))
+      return errno != ENAMETOOLONG;
+    return sc_inside(s, real, strict);
+  }
+  if (slash == path) {
+    real[0] = 0;
+  } else {
+    *slash = 0;
+    /* a missing or unreadable parent fails the same way in the kernel */
+    if (!realpath(path, real))
+      return errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR || errno == EACCES ||
+             errno == ELOOP;
+    if (strcmp(real, "/") == 0)
+      real[0] = 0;
+  }
+  snprintf(loc, sizeof(loc), "%s/%s", real, base);
+  if (strlen(loc) >= OS_PATH_MAX)
+    return 0;
+  if (sc_is_fd_link(loc)) {
+    char tgt[OS_PATH_MAX];
+    if (sc_readlink(loc, tgt, sizeof(tgt)) != 0)
+      return 0;
+    return tgt[0] != '/' || sc_inside(s, tgt, 0);
+  }
+  if (follow) {
+    struct stat st;
+    if (lstat(loc, &st) == 0 && S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
+      if (!realpath(loc, real))
+        return 0; /* dangling: following it would create the target */
+      return sc_inside(s, real, strict);
+    }
+  }
+  return sc_inside(s, loc, strict);
+}
+
+/* One (dirfd, path) argument pair. addr 0 (or "" with AT_EMPTY_PATH)
+ * means the call acts on dirfd itself. */
+static int sc_path_ok(const sc_state_t *s, int pid, int dirfd, uint64_t addr,
+                      int follow, int empty_ok, int strict) {
+  char rel[OS_PATH_MAX], base[OS_PATH_MAX], full[2 * OS_PATH_MAX];
+  if (addr == 0)
+    return sc_fd_ok(s, pid, dirfd, strict);
+  if (sc_read_str(pid, addr, rel, sizeof(rel)) != 0)
+    return 0;
+  if (!rel[0])
+    return empty_ok ? sc_fd_ok(s, pid, dirfd, strict) : 1;
+  if (rel[0] == '/') {
+    sc_rewrite(pid, rel, full, sizeof(full));
+  } else {
+    char link[64];
+    if (dirfd == AT_FDCWD)
+      snprintf(link, sizeof(link), "/proc/%d/cwd", pid);
+    else
+      snprintf(link, sizeof(link), "/proc/%d/fd/%d", pid, dirfd);
+    if (sc_readlink(link, base, sizeof(base)) != 0 || base[0] != '/')
+      return 0;
+    snprintf(full, sizeof(full), "%s/%s", base, rel);
+  }
+  return sc_abs_ok(s, full, follow, strict);
+}
+
+/* 1: let the call run, 0: fail it with EACCES. */
+static int sc_decide(const sc_state_t *s, const struct seccomp_notif *req) {
+  const uint64_t *a = (const uint64_t *)req->data.args;
+  int pid = (int)req->pid;
+#define SC_P(d, p, fl, em, st)                                                 \
+  sc_path_ok(s, pid, (int)(d), (p), (fl), (em), (st))
+  switch (req->data.nr) {
+  case __NR_openat: {
+    int fl = (int)a[2];
+    return !(fl & SC_WRITE_FLAGS) || SC_P(a[0], a[1], !(fl & O_NOFOLLOW), 0, 0);
+  }
+  case __NR_openat2: {
+    struct {
+      uint64_t flags, mode, resolve;
+    } how;
+    memset(&how, 0, sizeof(how));
+    size_t sz = a[3] < sizeof(how) ? (size_t)a[3] : sizeof(how);
+    if (sz < sizeof(uint64_t) || sc_read_mem(pid, a[2], &how, sz) != 0)
+      return 0;
+    if (!(how.flags & SC_WRITE_FLAGS))
+      return 1;
+    return SC_P(a[0], a[1],
+                !(how.flags & O_NOFOLLOW) && !(how.resolve & 0x04 /* NO_SYMLINKS */),
+                0, 0);
+  }
+  case __NR_mkdirat:
+  case __NR_mknodat:
+    return SC_P(a[0], a[1], 0, 0, 0);
+  case __NR_unlinkat:
+    return SC_P(a[0], a[1], 0, 0, 1);
+  case __NR_symlinkat:
+    return SC_P(a[1], a[2], 0, 0, 0);
+  case __NR_linkat:
+    return SC_P(a[0], a[1], (a[4] & AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW) != 0,
+                (a[4] & AT_EMPTY_PATH) != 0, 0) &&
+           SC_P(a[2], a[3], 0, 0, 0);
+#ifdef __NR_renameat
+  case __NR_renameat:
+#endif
+  case __NR_renameat2:
+    return SC_P(a[0], a[1], 0, 0, 1) && SC_P(a[2], a[3], 0, 0, 1);
+  case __NR_truncate:
+    return SC_P(AT_FDCWD, a[0], 1, 0, 0);
+  case __NR_fchmodat:
+    return SC_P(a[0], a[1], 1, 0, 0);
+  case __NR_fchmodat2:
+    return SC_P(a[0], a[1], !(a[3] & AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW),
+                (a[3] & AT_EMPTY_PATH) != 0, 0);
+  case __NR_fchownat:
+    return SC_P(a[0], a[1], !(a[4] & AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW),
+                (a[4] & AT_EMPTY_PATH) != 0, 0);
+  case __NR_utimensat:
+    return SC_P(a[0], a[1], !(a[3] & AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW), 0, 0);
+  case __NR_setxattr:
+  case __NR_removexattr:
+    return SC_P(AT_FDCWD, a[0], 1, 0, 0);
+  case __NR_lsetxattr:
+  case __NR_lremovexattr:
+    return SC_P(AT_FDCWD, a[0], 0, 0, 0);
+#if defined(__x86_64__)
+  case __NR_open: {
+    int fl = (int)a[1];
+    return !(fl & SC_WRITE_FLAGS) ||
+           SC_P(AT_FDCWD, a[0], !(fl & O_NOFOLLOW), 0, 0);
+  }
+  case __NR_creat:
+  case __NR_chmod:
+  case __NR_chown:
+  case __NR_utime:
+  case __NR_utimes:
+    return SC_P(AT_FDCWD, a[0], 1, 0, 0);
+  case __NR_mkdir:
+  case __NR_mknod:
+  case __NR_lchown:
+    return SC_P(AT_FDCWD, a[0], 0, 0, 0);
+  case __NR_rmdir:
+  case __NR_unlink:
+    return SC_P(AT_FDCWD, a[0], 0, 0, 1);
+  case __NR_rename:
+    return SC_P(AT_FDCWD, a[0], 0, 0, 1) && SC_P(AT_FDCWD, a[1], 0, 0, 1);
+  case __NR_link:
+    return SC_P(AT_FDCWD, a[0], 0, 0, 0) && SC_P(AT_FDCWD, a[1], 0, 0, 0);
+  case __NR_symlink:
+    return SC_P(AT_FDCWD, a[1], 0, 0, 0);
+  case __NR_futimesat:
+    return SC_P(a[0], a[1], 1, 0, 0);
+#endif
+  default:
+    return 0;
+  }
+#undef SC_P
+}
+
+static void sc_handle(const sc_state_t *s, int lfd) {
+  struct seccomp_notif req;
+  struct seccomp_notif_resp resp;
+  memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
+  if (ioctl(lfd, SECCOMP_IOCTL_NOTIF_RECV, &req) != 0)
+    return; /* the task died meanwhile */
+  int allow = sc_decide(s, &req);
+  /* the pid read above still names the task that made the call */
+  if (ioctl(lfd, SECCOMP_IOCTL_NOTIF_ID_VALID, &req.id) != 0)
+    return;
+  memset(&resp, 0, sizeof(resp));
+  resp.id = req.id;
+  if (allow)
+    resp.flags = SECCOMP_USER_NOTIF_FLAG_CONTINUE;
+  else
+    resp.error = -EACCES;
+  ioctl(lfd, SECCOMP_IOCTL_NOTIF_SEND, &resp);
+}
+
+/* Waits for the listener fd, then answers until no task uses the filter
+ * or release() asks to stop. Tasks left over after that get ENOSYS from
+ * the kernel for checked calls. */
+static void *sc_main(void *arg) {
+  sc_state_t *s = arg;
+  int lfd = -1;
+  for (;;) {
+    struct pollfd pf[2] = {{s->sock[0], POLLIN, 0}, {s->stop[0], POLLIN, 0}};
+    if (poll(pf, 2, -1) < 0) {
+      if (errno == EINTR)
+        continue;
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    if (pf[1].revents)
+      return NULL;
+    if (pf[0].revents) {
+      lfd = sc_recv_fd(s->sock[0]);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  if (lfd < 0)
+    return NULL;
+  for (;;) {
+    struct pollfd pf[2] = {{lfd, POLLIN, 0}, {s->stop[0], POLLIN, 0}};
+    if (poll(pf, 2, -1) < 0) {
+      if (errno == EINTR)
+        continue;
+      break;
+    }
+    if (pf[0].revents & POLLIN) {
+      sc_handle(s, lfd);
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (pf[0].revents || pf[1].revents)
+      break;
+  }
+  close(lfd);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+static void sc_free(sc_state_t *s) {
+  if (!s)
+    return;
+  if (s->started) {
+    char c = 1;
+    ssize_t w = write(s->stop[1], &c, 1);
+    (void)w;
+    pthread_join(s->th, NULL);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+    if (s->sock[i] >= 0)
+      close(s->sock[i]);
+    if (s->stop[i] >= 0)
+      close(s->stop[i]);
+  }
+  free(s);
+}
+
+static int sc_prepare(const char *ws, const char *tmp, cst_sandbox_plan_t *p) {
+  sc_state_t *s = calloc(1, sizeof(*s));
+  if (!s)
+    return -1;
+  s->sock[0] = s->sock[1] = s->stop[0] = s->stop[1] = -1;
+  if (!realpath(ws, s->ws))
+    goto fail;
+  if (!tmp || !tmp[0] || !realpath(tmp, s->tmp))
+    s->tmp[0] = 0;
+  sc_build(&s->prog);
+  if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0, s->sock) != 0 ||
+      pipe2(s->stop, O_CLOEXEC) != 0)
+    goto fail;
+  if (pthread_create(&s->th, NULL, sc_main, s) != 0)
+    goto fail;
+  s->started = 1;
+  p->sc = s;
+  return 0;
+fail:
+  sc_free(s);
+  return -1;
+}
+
+static int sc_install(const sc_prog_t *prog, int sock) {
+  struct sock_fprog fp;
+  fp.len = prog->n;
+  fp.filter = (struct sock_filter *)prog->f;
+  if (prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1, 0, 0, 0) != 0)
+    return -1;
+  int lfd = (int)syscall(__NR_seccomp, SECCOMP_SET_MODE_FILTER,
+                         SECCOMP_FILTER_FLAG_NEW_LISTENER, &fp);
+  if (lfd < 0)
+    return -1;
+  int rc = sc_send_fd(sock, lfd);
+  close(lfd);
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/* The whole round trip in a throwaway child: install a listener filter on
+ * getppid, answer it with CONTINUE (kernel 5.5+). A child killed by the
+ * platform's own seccomp policy only costs that child. */
+static int sc_probe(void) {
+  sc_prog_t prog;
+  sc_prog_t *p = &prog;
+  p->n = 0;
+  SC_LD(offsetof(struct seccomp_data, arch));
+  SC_JEQ(SC_ARCH, 1, 0);
+  SC_RET(SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW);
+  SC_LD(offsetof(struct seccomp_data, nr));
+  SC_JEQ(__NR_getppid, 0, 1);
+  SC_RET(SECCOMP_RET_USER_NOTIF);
+  SC_RET(SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW);
+
+  int sp[2];
+  if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0, sp) != 0)
+    return 0;
+  pid_t self = getpid();
+  pid_t pid = fork();
+  if (pid == 0) {
+    close(sp[0]);
+    if (sc_install(&prog, sp[1]) != 0)
+      _exit(3);
+    _exit(syscall(__NR_getppid) == self ? 0 : 4);
+  }
+  close(sp[1]);
+  if (pid < 0) {
+    close(sp[0]);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  int ok = 0;
+  struct pollfd pf = {sp[0], POLLIN, 0};
+  if (poll(&pf, 1, 3000) > 0) {
+    int lfd = sc_recv_fd(sp[0]);
+    if (lfd >= 0) {
+      struct pollfd pl = {lfd, POLLIN, 0};
+      if (poll(&pl, 1, 3000) > 0 && (pl.revents & POLLIN)) {
+        struct seccomp_notif req;
+        struct seccomp_notif_resp resp;
+        memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
+        if (ioctl(lfd, SECCOMP_IOCTL_NOTIF_RECV, &req) == 0) {
+          memset(&resp, 0, sizeof(resp));
+          resp.id = req.id;
+          resp.flags = SECCOMP_USER_NOTIF_FLAG_CONTINUE;
+          ok = ioctl(lfd, SECCOMP_IOCTL_NOTIF_SEND, &resp) == 0;
+        }
+      }
+      close(lfd);
+    }
+  }
+  close(sp[0]);
+  if (!ok)
+    kill(pid, SIGKILL);
+  int st = 0;
+  while (waitpid(pid, &st, 0) < 0 && errno == EINTR)
+    ;
+  return ok && WIFEXITED(st) && WEXITSTATUS(st) == 0;
+}
+
+#endif /* CST_HAVE_SECCOMP */
+
 /* --- common --------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 int cst_sandbox_probe(void) {
   if (g_kind >= 0)
     return g_kind;
-  g_kind = CST_SANDBOX_NONE;
+  int kind = CST_SANDBOX_NONE;
   const char *e = getenv("CST_SANDBOX");
   if (e && (strcmp(e, "0") == 0 || strcmp(e, "off") == 0 ||
-            strcmp(e, "none") == 0))
+            strcmp(e, "none") == 0)) {
+    g_kind = kind;
     return g_kind;
+  }
+  int want_ll = !e || strcmp(e, "seccomp") != 0;
+  int want_sc = !e || strcmp(e, "landlock") != 0;
 #ifdef CST_HAVE_LANDLOCK
-  g_abi = ll_abi();
+  if (want_ll) {
-  if (g_abi > 0)
+    g_abi = ll_abi();
-    g_kind = CST_SANDBOX_LANDLOCK;
+    if (g_abi > 0)
-#elif defined(CST_HAVE_SEATBELT)
+      kind = CST_SANDBOX_LANDLOCK;
-  g_kind = CST_SANDBOX_SEATBELT;
+  }
 #endif
+#ifdef CST_HAVE_SECCOMP
+  if (kind == CST_SANDBOX_NONE && want_sc && sc_probe())
+    kind = CST_SANDBOX_SECCOMP;
+#endif
+#ifdef CST_HAVE_SEATBELT
+  kind = CST_SANDBOX_SEATBELT;
+#endif
+  (void)want_ll;
+  (void)want_sc;
+  g_kind = kind;
   return g_kind;
 }
 
+int cst_sandbox_reprobe(void) {
+  g_kind = -1;
+  g_abi = 0;
+  return cst_sandbox_probe();
+}
+
 int cst_sandbox_landlock_abi(void) {
   cst_sandbox_probe();
   return g_abi;
@@ -205,6 +915,8 @@ const char *cst_sandbox_name(int kind) {
     return "landlock";
   case CST_SANDBOX_SEATBELT:
     return "seatbelt";
+  case CST_SANDBOX_SECCOMP:
+    return "seccomp";
   default:
     return "none";
   }
@@ -223,6 +935,10 @@ int cst_sandbox_prepare(const char *workspace, const char *tmpdir,
 #ifdef CST_HAVE_SEATBELT
   if (kind == CST_SANDBOX_SEATBELT)
     rc = sb_prepare(workspace, tmpdir, plan);
+#endif
+#ifdef CST_HAVE_SECCOMP
+  if (kind == CST_SANDBOX_SECCOMP)
+    rc = sc_prepare(workspace, tmpdir, plan);
 #endif
   (void)workspace;
   (void)tmpdir;
@@ -252,6 +968,12 @@ int cst_sandbox_enter(void *arg) {
     }
     return 0;
   }
+#endif
+#ifdef CST_HAVE_SECCOMP
+  if (p->kind == CST_SANDBOX_SECCOMP && p->sc) {
+    const sc_state_t *s = p->sc;
+    return sc_install(&s->prog, s->sock[1]);
+  }
 #endif
   return -1;
 }
@@ -263,6 +985,10 @@ void cst_sandbox_release(cst_sandbox_plan_t *plan) {
   if (plan->ruleset_fd >= 0)
     close(plan->ruleset_fd);
 #endif
+#ifdef CST_HAVE_SECCOMP
+  sc_free(plan->sc);
+#endif
+  plan->sc = NULL;
   free(plan->profile);
   plan->profile = NULL;
   plan->ruleset_fd = -1;
@@ -307,6 +1033,8 @@ int cst_sandbox_blocked(const char *out, size_t n, int exit_code) {
       "Permission denied", "Read-only file system", "Operation not permitted",
       "EACCES",            "EPERM",                 "EROFS",
       "[cst: sandbox",     "Network is unreachable",
+      /* curl when the socket itself was refused (seccomp) */
+      "Could not connect to server", "Failed to connect to",
       /* localized strerror(EACCES/EPERM/EROFS) */
       "权限不够", "不允许的操作", "只读文件系统", "權限不足",
       "拒絕不符權限的操作", "許可がありません", "Keine Berechtigung",

tests/test_sandbox.c

@@ -70,6 +70,9 @@ static void test_blocked(void) {
   CHECK(!cst_sandbox_blocked(b, strlen(b), 1));
   const char *c = "touch: cannot touch 'x': Read-only file system\n";
   CHECK(cst_sandbox_blocked(c, strlen(c), 1));
+  const char *d = "curl: (7) Failed to connect to example.com port 443 after 9 "
+                  "ms: Could not connect to server\n";
+  CHECK(cst_sandbox_blocked(d, strlen(d), 7));
 }
 
 #if !defined(_WIN32)
@@ -112,7 +115,10 @@ static void test_network(const char *ws) {
   if (pid == 0) {
     if (cst_sandbox_enter(&plan) != 0)
       _exit(3);
+    /* Landlock refuses the connect, seccomp already the socket */
     int s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+    if (s < 0)
+      _exit(errno == EACCES ? 0 : 2);
     int rc = connect(s, (struct sockaddr *)&a, sizeof(a));
     _exit(rc == 0 ? 1 : errno == EACCES ? 0 : 2);
   }
@@ -123,7 +129,123 @@ static void test_network(const char *ws) {
   CHECK(WIFEXITED(st) && WEXITSTATUS(st) == 0);
 }
 
-static void test_landlock(void) {
+static int blocked(const os_run_result_t *r) {
+  if (!cst_sandbox_blocked(r->out, r->out_len, r->exit_code)) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "expected a sandbox refusal (exit %d): %s\n", r->exit_code,
+            r->out ? r->out : "");
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static char *slurp(const char *path) {
+  FILE *fp = fopen(path, "r");
+  if (!fp)
+    return NULL;
+  static char buf[256];
+  size_t n = fread(buf, 1, sizeof(buf) - 1, fp);
+  buf[n] = 0;
+  fclose(fp);
+  return buf;
+}
+
+/* Path tricks the seccomp supervisor has to resolve itself. */
+static void test_seccomp_paths(const char *ws, const char *out) {
+  char cmd[3 * OS_PATH_MAX], p[OS_PATH_MAX + 64], q[OS_PATH_MAX + 64];
+  char readme[OS_PATH_MAX + 64];
+  os_run_result_t r;
+  snprintf(readme, sizeof(readme), "%s/readme.txt", out);
+
+  /* ../ out of the workspace */
+  const char *outname = strrchr(out, '/') + 1;
+  snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "echo x > '../%s/e1'", outname);
+  snprintf(p, sizeof(p), "%s/e1", out);
+  CHECK(run(ws, cmd, &r) != 0 && blocked(&r) && !exists(p));
+  os_run_result_free(&r);
+
+  /* a symlink inside may be created, but not written through */
+  snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "ln -s '%s' link && echo x > link/e2", out);
+  snprintf(p, sizeof(p), "%s/e2", out);
+  snprintf(q, sizeof(q), "%s/link", ws);
+  CHECK(run(ws, cmd, &r) != 0 && blocked(&r) && !exists(p));
+  struct stat st;
+  CHECK(lstat(q, &st) == 0 && S_ISLNK(st.st_mode));
+  os_run_result_free(&r);
+  snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "ln -s '%s' rl && echo x >> rl", readme);
+  CHECK(run(ws, cmd, &r) != 0 && blocked(&r));
+  CHECK(strcmp(slurp(readme), "outside-content\n") == 0);
+  os_run_result_free(&r);
+
+  /* moving, hard-linking or chmod-ing an outside file */
+  snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "mv '%s' ./moved", readme);
+  CHECK(run(ws, cmd, &r) != 0 && blocked(&r) && exists(readme));
+  os_run_result_free(&r);
+  snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "ln '%s' hard", readme);
+  snprintf(p, sizeof(p), "%s/hard", ws);
+  CHECK(run(ws, cmd, &r) != 0 && blocked(&r) && !exists(p));
+  os_run_result_free(&r);
+  snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "chmod 600 '%s'", readme);
+  CHECK(run(ws, cmd, &r) != 0 && blocked(&r));
+  os_run_result_free(&r);
+
+  /* the command's own stdout/stderr */
+  CHECK(run(ws, "echo hi > /dev/stdout && echo e > /dev/stderr && "
+                "echo fd > /proc/self/fd/1",
+            &r) == 0);
+  CHECK(strstr(r.out, "hi") && strstr(r.out, "fd"));
+  os_run_result_free(&r);
+
+  /* ordinary tree work inside */
+  CHECK(run(ws, "mkdir -p a/b/c && touch a/b/c/f && mv a/b/c/f a/g && "
+                "ln -s g a/s && chmod 600 a/g && rm -r a",
+            &r) == 0);
+  os_run_result_free(&r);
+
+  /* a missing parent stays ENOENT, not a sandbox refusal */
+  CHECK(run(ws, "touch nodir/x", &r) != 0);
+  CHECK(!cst_sandbox_blocked(r.out, r.out_len, r.exit_code));
+  os_run_result_free(&r);
+
+  /* many checked writes */
+  double t0 = os_now_ms();
+  CHECK(run(ws, "i=0; while [ $i -lt 300 ]; do echo $i > f$i; "
+                "i=$((i+1)); done; ls | grep -c '^f[0-9]'",
+            &r) == 0);
+  CHECK(strstr(r.out, "300") != NULL);
+  printf("test_sandbox: 300 checked writes in %.0f ms\n", os_now_ms() - t0);
+  os_run_result_free(&r);
+
+  /* background jobs: one still holding the pipe is served (unless Yama
+   * hides the orphaned job's memory from the supervisor), one detached
+   * does not hang the run */
+  snprintf(p, sizeof(p), "%s/bg.txt", ws);
+  CHECK(run(ws, "(sleep 0.2; echo late > bg.txt) & echo started", &r) == 0);
+  FILE *yf = fopen("/proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope", "r");
+  int yama = 0;
+  if (yf) {
+    if (fscanf(yf, "%d", &yama) != 1)
+      yama = 0;
+    fclose(yf);
+  }
+  CHECK(yama > 0 || exists(p));
+  os_run_result_free(&r);
+  t0 = os_now_ms();
+  CHECK(run(ws, "(sleep 0.3; echo late > bg2.txt) >/dev/null 2>&1 &", &r) ==
+        0);
+  CHECK(os_now_ms() - t0 < 3000);
+  os_run_result_free(&r);
+
+  /* the workspace root itself cannot be removed */
+  char cwd[OS_PATH_MAX], ws2[OS_PATH_MAX + 32];
+  CHECK(getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)) != NULL);
+  snprintf(ws2, sizeof(ws2), "%s/tests/sbx_ws2_XXXXXX", cwd);
+  CHECK(mkdtemp(ws2));
+  CHECK(run(ws2, "rmdir \"$PWD\"", &r) != 0 && blocked(&r) && exists(ws2));
+  os_run_result_free(&r);
+  CHECK(rmdir(ws2) == 0);
+}
+
+static void test_confined(int kind) {
   char cwd[OS_PATH_MAX], ws[OS_PATH_MAX + 32], out[OS_PATH_MAX + 32];
   char cmd[3 * OS_PATH_MAX];
   CHECK(getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)) != NULL);
@@ -170,12 +292,15 @@ static void test_landlock(void) {
   CHECK(run(ws, cmd, &r) == 0);
   os_run_result_free(&r);
 
+  if (kind == CST_SANDBOX_SECCOMP)
+    test_seccomp_paths(ws, out);
+
   /* the parent itself stays unconfined */
   fp = fopen(outfile, "w");
   CHECK(fp);
   fclose(fp);
 
-  if (cst_sandbox_landlock_abi() >= 4)
+  if (kind == CST_SANDBOX_SECCOMP || cst_sandbox_landlock_abi() >= 4)
     test_network(ws);
   else
     printf("test_sandbox: landlock ABI %d < 4, network rule not tested\n",
@@ -192,8 +317,26 @@ int main(void) {
   int kind = cst_sandbox_probe();
   printf("test_sandbox: sandbox %s\n", cst_sandbox_name(kind));
 #if !defined(_WIN32)
-  if (kind == CST_SANDBOX_LANDLOCK)
+  if (kind == CST_SANDBOX_LANDLOCK || kind == CST_SANDBOX_SECCOMP)
-    test_landlock();
+    test_confined(kind);
+  if (kind != CST_SANDBOX_SECCOMP) {
+    const char *was = getenv("CST_SANDBOX");
+    char saved[32] = "";
+    if (was)
+      snprintf(saved, sizeof(saved), "%s", was);
+    setenv("CST_SANDBOX", "seccomp", 1);
+    if (cst_sandbox_reprobe() == CST_SANDBOX_SECCOMP) {
+      printf("test_sandbox: forced seccomp\n");
+      test_confined(CST_SANDBOX_SECCOMP);
+    } else {
+      printf("test_sandbox: seccomp not available here\n");
+    }
+    if (was)
+      setenv("CST_SANDBOX", saved, 1);
+    else
+      unsetenv("CST_SANDBOX");
+    CHECK(cst_sandbox_reprobe() == kind);
+  }
 #endif
   puts("test_sandbox: ok");
   return 0;